The principle reasons for using optical fibre as the transmission media in CCTV applications are:

·  The maintenance of picture quality and control data integrity over extended distances:
This is the main reason for the use of fiber optic signal strength than loss characteristics of copper cable. In general, the attenuation of coaxial cable to a the signal frequency of 5 MHz, 20 dB / km. In mitigation of fiber comparison is 0.3 to 3 dB / km mean that the fiber optic transmission distances of 60 km and can achieved, depending on exact details of the application. In addition to this low signal loss on fiber frequency range of the signal very large, so that made optical fiber can be used for transmission of multiple video signals over long Distances.

·  Immunity to electromagnetic interference:
Optical fiber transmits signals as light pulses instead of electrical impulses. This light transmission is not the existence of electromagnetic fields. As fiber transmission can lead to applications where connections are used routed away from power lines and electrical machines. This includes applications such as railways, tramways, electricity generation and vehicle welding machines. In addition to the optical fiber generally has a metal structure there is no problem with ground loops between devices and The cable can be transmitted lightning impulse. This makes the elimination of ground loop Fiber optic cable for the medium of choice for strengthening links between the most accessible.

·  Security of Information and Operational Safety:
Unlike copper wire cables with fiber optic does not emit signals from fiber The cables are virtually immune to “strike”, then the signal is difficult to Access to unauthorized persons. As there is no emission of optical fiber there is no danger of a plant fiber to act as a source of ignition. This means that fiber can be used in hazardous areas such as chemicals and petrochemicals Web sites that a true “intrinsic safety” of the transmission. However, note that This internal security, not the electro-optic modems extend the termination who have certified the safety and protection as other electrical equipment.

·  Efficient use of duct space:
Optical fiber itself is very small, each fiber is only 0.125 mm in diameter. Protective coating is then applied in stages, depending on demand, making the fiber in a cable used. Typically the resulting cable has an appropriate diameter of 3mm for a patchlead heart of 8mm for single fiber or a fiber of eight for internal or external. In contrast, 75 ohm coaxial cable has a copper-CT100 Diameter of 6.5 mm. Thus we see that the small size of the optical fiber to allow significant savings on copper, where space is limited or if Duct space is limited. With the small size of fiber weight gain both to achieve economies of storage and transportation prior to installation.

·  Multi-channel capability and “Future Proofing”:
While most fibers are now used for CCTV video signal is transmitted and can be Data to a control signal may wish the user to update the system to support more Camera and control channels. Each fiber glass is now able to transfer several optical channels, either by using different optical media “colors”, ie division multiplexing wavelength, or increasing the frequency of the signal with Electric multiplexing techniques. The transmission media is so “future proof” and extend the connection should the link for additional devices Capacity.

Fiber Optics

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The only goal of the fiber optic link in a fiber optic transmission system is CCTV Transmission of electrical signals at a distance between any two points A and B, without Reducing the quality of the transmitted signal. In this way, the fiber connection transparent to the user. A similar situation is with a phone call where you want be able to another person, anywhere, they speak as if standing next to you.

The basic elements of a system for transmitting CCTV fiber optic as follows:

• Electronics optic converter (transmitter) at the end of the camera connection.

This camera takes the analog signal of 1 V peak to peak of the surveillance camera and transforms into a light that varies in proportion to the camera output Signal. The signal of the light generated by an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or laser Transmitter, which is designed to couple a maximum of light produced in a fiber.

• fiber light transmission and optical fiber cable.

The optical fiber guides light from the LED or laser transmitter with a minimum the loss of the screen or end controller connection matrix. The optical fiber itself is protected by a variety of sheath materials with a cable design to appropriate for the specific application. The fiber optic cable is connected to terminal In units for mounting screw or bayonet.

• Optical Electric Converter (receiver) at the end to monitor the connection.

This device takes the signal from the optical fiber and converts it into a analog electrical signals, which is consistent with the requirements to control the seizure. The light in the power conversion is performed by a semiconductor detector is made called a photodiode or an avalanche photodiode. subsequent electronics regenerates the output signal. Products of higher quality producer to offset losses and fiber optic intensity variation with Transmitter Output
Time and temperature by automatic gain control, a standard type 1 v Peak to peak output format that the output of the camera produces.

• Control data and audio connections.

Cameras in CCTV systems are either fixed, watching a particular scene or laptop so that the different scenes are displayed under the direction of the operator, as would to place in the remote area. In the case of fixed cameras and fiber optics Link is necessary to monitor only transmit video information from the camera, requires only a single optical fiber link for each camera to follow its trajectory. In the case of  move the camera are then a return signal to be supplied by the control room of the device is usually a second optical fiber. It is customary Links for this return of control for remote control of camera PTZ – Pan, Tilt and Zoom functions provide more Camera Cases and washing activation.

When control of the camera is then of the fiber optic link interface electronics must be used compatible with the protocols used by the controller manufacturer. These functions are transmitted through the fiber optic link back with a digital transmission standard Format such as RS232, RS485/422, 20mA loop current, and, more recently Echelon
FTT10A Lonworks. In addition, some manufacturers require a controller data return Canal to confirm the movement of the camera camera. This return is generally encoded data from the optical transmitter and electronic equipment sent to the same fiber the video signal.

Help Point facilities and access control requires the transfer of two audio channels Signals on the fiber connection. Also optical transmitter and receiver are available This facility, in addition to video and control data includes links to all
the same two fibers. It is also possible that all these video, audio and data The transfer functions on a fiber with different wavelengths (color) lights Sources to transmit light in any direction. This technique is known as the wavelength Division Multiplexing, it maximizes the use of fiber cores installed at the expense transmitters and receivers more expensive.

Fiber Optics

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